When Is New Congress Sworn In 2025

David Muir

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08-12-2024

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The 119th Congress of the United States will convene on January 3, 2025. This date is mandated by the 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which sets the start of a new Congress for noon on January 3rd following a general election.

Understanding the Congressional Term

The U.S. Congress operates on a two-year cycle. Each term begins on January 3rd of odd-numbered years and concludes on January 3rd of the following odd-numbered year. Therefore, the 119th Congress, elected in the November 2024 general elections, will serve from January 3, 2025, to January 3, 2027.

What Happens on Inauguration Day?

January 3rd isn't just about swearing in new members. A considerable amount of procedural business takes place. This includes:

• Organization of the House and Senate: Both chambers hold elections for their respective leaders – Speaker of the House and President Pro Tempore of the Senate. This involves numerous votes and behind-the-scenes negotiations. The outcome significantly impacts the legislative agenda for the next two years.

• Swearing-In Ceremonies: Newly elected Representatives and Senators take their oaths of office, officially commencing their terms. These ceremonies, while individually brief, represent a significant moment in American democracy.

• Committee Assignments: Members are assigned to various committees based on seniority, party affiliation, and expertise. Committee assignments are crucial, as they determine the legislative path of proposed bills.

• Introduction of Legislation: Immediately following the swearing-in, lawmakers start introducing legislation, setting the stage for the legislative process for the coming years.

The Significance of the Date

The January 3rd date is a constitutionally enshrined event carrying substantial weight. It marks the formal transfer of power and sets the agenda for national policy. The events of this day often provide insight into the political landscape and the priorities of the incoming Congress. Observers closely monitor the proceedings to gauge the potential direction of the upcoming legislative session.